My Favorite Stuff 2022

Here's a few things I found handy for hobby stuff throughout this year. I made similar posts to this one in 2018 and 2020. Like 2019, I skipped 2021. Unlike 2019, skipping 2021 was deliberate. I was mainly focused on catching up on existing projects as our group wasn't meeting for face to face gaming. 2022 saw a return to experimentation, new purchases, and the resulting half-finished projects.

This is what happens when I play with Canva.

Green Stuff World Silver Series Kolinsky Brush Size 2

I ordered this way back in the summer of 2021 as I was getting frustrated with the limitations of the synthetic brushes I was using at the time. I was doing more painting than usual throughout 2020 and 2021. Eventually, I felt that I was fighting with the brushes to get the paint where I wanted it to go. A little research suggested that it was time to upgrade my brushes, so I took advantage of a sale at Green Stuff World and ordered a set of three brushes sizes 0, 1, and 2.

This was not the only way I was addressing the issue. I found a local source for smaller Kolinsky brushes. These seemed to work fine, so the set of brushes from Green Stuff World went into storage as replacements for down the line.

This year, there were projects where a bigger brush was useful to cover larger areas. Up until then, I used size 0 and size 1 brushes (or their equivalents) for miniatures painting. The set from Green Stuff World included a size 2, so I gave it a try.

My old size 2 and the replacement (in package) for when I need it.

I wish I had given it a shot before. The larger belly holds more paint, allowing me to work longer before going back to my palette. The tip is good enough for most work, but I do have to break out smaller brushes with finer tips to paint some details.

The size 2 has become my utility brush. The only things I never do with it is drybrushing or other techniques that are rough on a brush. With basic care, it's lasted well enough so far, but I did order another to have a replacement on hand.

Green Stuff World does offer a Gold Series premium brush line, but I'm happy with the Silver Series so far. I also tend to place orders during their sales to offset shipping costs. Orders also take awhile to get from England to the United States.


Star Trek Adventures Rules Digest

Our group got back to face to face gaming this year. The roleplaying game we picked was Star Trek Adventures. We decided to start a new campaign given the long interruption.

The Rule Digest had come out during our group's interregnum. It contains all the rules refinements and errata that had come out since the game's launch. A rule book already incorporating every update was too good to pass up.

One of these is not like the others.

The real value of the Rules Digest turns out to be its compact size. As the name implies, it is a digest sized softcover. Not having to deal with a full sized hardback while running a game relieves me of a hassle. It can be set aside, tucked under my dice tray, or other gotten out of the way until I need it. The core book has been liberated to wander the table as a reference for the players.

The layout of the Rules Digest is done in the style of TOS as it is intended to support a campaign in that era. However, the rules apply to all eras of Star Trek. I many use it as a handy reference at the table. What I'd really like is a digest sized book that is nothing but a Star Trek Adventures rule reference, but I suspect that the market for such a product is too limited to be profitable for Modiphius. In the absence of such a thing, this book will do nicely.


Canon EF-S 24mm f/2.8 STM Lens

My wife generously gifted me this for my birthday. The idea was to get a relatively inexpensive lens for general photography. Instead, this has become my main lens for miniatures photography.

Before this, I used a Canon EF 50mm f/1.8 STM lens with extension tubes for miniatures photography. The Nifty Fifty is a great lens for the price, but the focal length is a problem for shooting small objects. The camera has to be pulled back quite a bit for the lens to focus on the subject. This may push the camera back far enough for a tripod to be necessary. Extension tubes allow the lens to get closer, but selecting the right one adds to set up time. I still use this combination when I need high quality shots, but I wanted an option for taking quick photos.

Nothing I read before getting this indicated that it's a macro lens.

The EF-S 24mm is clearly marked as a macro lens. I can push it in close enough to not worry about setting up a tripod or extension tubes. This makes setting up a shot much easier. The quality isn't as sharp as the Nifty Fifty, but the trade off is sometimes worth it. The EF-S 24mm is currently my workhorse lens for miniature photography.

What Conan Taught Me About Star Trek Adventures

With the news from Modiphius, this post seems timely.

Our group ran "The Pit of Kutallu" just before the holiday season. "The Pit of Kutallu" is an adventure module for Robert C. Howard's Conan published by Modiphius in 2017 for Free RPG Day. The version of 2d20 it uses feels like the same model car as Star Trek Adventures, but after somebody dropped in a turbocharger. Our group burned through Momentum, Fortune, and Doom with abandon compared to our use of the corresponding meta currencies in Star Trek Adventures. The players were also bolder and less deliberate, even after they started paying the price in Stress and Harms to their characters.

Granted, the quick start rules in "The Pit of Kutallu" are stripped down compared to those in the Conan core book. And I ran this explicitly as a one shot. And swords and sorcery is another whole genre away from space opera. And a Free RPG Day adventure is going to be mostly fights. But I felt that there was something about the contrast between the two experiences to be examined. I put my observations and questions online and got some handy advice on running 2d20 in the future. Thanks in particular to @muttley@dice.camp and betatester at the Modiphius forums for their observations.

Momentum

Momentum in Conan models a swords and sorcery world where player characters are capable of cutting their way through waves of enemies. Buying extra dice with Momentum is cheaper in Conan than in other 2d20 games. This makes it easier land hits and succeed at tests. Rolling more dice generates more Momentum, leading to a loop where players have more Momentum at their disposal at any given time. This loop quickened the pace, making the fights feel more exciting without losing their tactical aspects.

The Momentum pool depletes faster in Conan than in Star Trek Adventures. Our group told me this pressured them into a "use it or lose it" mentality. Fights in "The Pit of Kutallu" usually ended with an empty Momentum pool due to use rather than depletion.

Getting some of that faster pace in Star Trek Adventures involves priming the pump on the Momentum pool.

• "Close-Knit Crew" is a Talent from the Player's Guide that allows a player character to generate Momentum if the pool is too low at the start of a new scene.
• There are ways for a Human player character to finagle "Spirit of Discovery" to trade a point of Determination in to bump up the Momentum pool by three. The player just has to find a way to use a Value or Directive for the Determination spend. A pilot character will likely have a Value related to vehicle operation that can used during a travel scene. Likewise, a science officer may have a Value that can trigger when seeking out new information.
• Supporting Characters can help generate Momentum by providing an assist during a task. Assistance effectively gives players three dice instead of two for rolling against a task and for generating Momentum. Even uncontrolled Supporting Characters can provide assistance.
• A player character in the Commanding Officer role on the bridge can use "Rally" to generate Momentum. The core book is explicit about this being the purpose of the "Rally" action. Groups where the Captain is a Supporting Character can still use "Rally" even if the Captain is uncontrolled as it is a Difficulty 0 task, but a player character must still use an action to suggest that the Captain speak to the crew. Alternately, a player character Executive Officer can use "Rally" themselves.

Doom & Threat

Doom (Conan) and Threat (Star Trek Adventures) are thematically named equivalents to Momentum for the gamemaster. Doom generates faster than Threat due to how Reactions work in Conan. Reactions to parry or dodge attacks beyond the first in a round are paid for by adding to the Doom pool. This gives the players a choice between building up the Doom pool or suffering damage to their characters.

The steady trickle of Doom getting added to the pool slowly raised the stakes throughout the game. I was able to use the resulting pile of Doom to dial up the danger at the climax. Adding to the Doom pool may have an immediate benefit for the players, but there are longer term costs involved. The process gives the players a say in the amount of danger their characters will be confronting.

Players in Star Trek Adventures are often reluctant to add to the Threat pool and there are fewer ways to generate it. I find myself hoarding the initial Threat pool until the ending scene. However, there seem to be more ways to produce Threat and that heightened sense of risk than I was aware of.

• A NPC leader can issue orders to the other NPCs at the start of a scene or during a fight. This is a Difficulty 0 task for the NPC leader that should generate one or two points of Threat. This is balanced by the need for the NPC leader to use an action to perform this task.
• Some NPCs automatically generate Threat simply be showing up. The final boss of "The Pit of Kutallu" has its own Doom pool that it can use up before helping itself to the regular one.

Fortune & Determination

Fortune (Conan) is both more plentiful and easier to use than Determination (Star Trek Adventures). Linking the use of Determination with a Value or Directive makes it challenging to put into play. The single point a player character starts an adventure with encourages players to hoard it to the point of leaving it untouched. On the other hand, Conan player characters get three points of Fortune and can earn more points fairly easily. Fortune points flowed freely throughout "The Pit of Kutallu" with the only concern being saving one for the climax.

• As mentioned above, "Spirit of Discovery" is a Talent that a Human player character can use to pump up the Momentum pool by three in exchange for a point of Determination.
• I'll have to talk with our group about making sure the Values of the player characters are flexible enough to cover a variety of situations.
• I also have to continue to find ways of using Values, Directives, and Determination in our Star Trek Adventures game.

I'd welcome any other suggestions or observations about how to use elements of this system. I hope that this point is handy for other 2d20 gamemasters.

Five Parsecs From Home - First Impressions

I bought myself a present the other week and wanted to share my initial thoughts now that I've finished reading it. This post isn't a review. There's worlds of difference between perusing a set of rules and actually playing the game.

Pew! Pew!

Five Parsecs From Home, Third Edition is tabletop sci-fi miniatures wargame designed for solo play. My interest in alternatives to face-to-face play rose dramatically over the past year and a half or so. I explored online play, used the time to press forward on various related projects, and encouraged my family's interest in tabletop games. Why not try a solo game at this point?

My personal experience with solo tabletop wargaming began with Star Fleet Battles. SFB single player scenarios frequently feature a "space monster" running on simplified rules - no energy allocation, attacks and movement determined by automatic processes, etc. SFB "space monsters" often present a tactical puzzle for the solo player - attacks that ignore the ship to kill the crew directly, a requirement to collect enough scientific data to find a way to stop it, etc. Playing these scenarios were not as memorable as an all-day fleet action or a starship duel with a skilled opponent, but they still offered an interesting challenge on a slow afternoon. I've tried solo games from time to time since then, but it's not something I've put any focus on until now.

The Concept
Five Parsecs From Home is built around campaign play. The player runs a spaceship crew doing odd jobs involving violence for people who don't ask questions about how the job got done. There are many persistent elements. Members of the crew acquire experience and better gear - if they survive. If not, then the crew may find themselves shorthanded for the next battle. Rumors can be tracked down, becoming Quests for the crew to follow. The opposition for one job may become Rivals and reappear looking to settle scores. There is no point system to balance the battles. One might be a milk run and the next may be a struggle that the crew barely escapes.

Production Quality
I purchased a physical copy out of personal preference. The book is a hardcover printed in full color on glossy paper. It measures roughly 9 1/2 x 6 1/4 inches. The compact size and sturdy cover make it ideal for my kind of tabletop gamer life - in other words, tossing it in a backpack on the way to a game or finding shelf space for it at home.

Scale, Measurements, Table Size, and Dice
Five Parsecs From Home works with a variety of scales. 28mm works as written with all measurements in inches. Using smaller scales in the game involves exchanging inches for centimeters. The recommended table sizes range from 3x3 feet (to allow for maneuvering) to 2x2 feet (for a more intense fight). The system uses six- and ten-sided die.

Currencies
The abstractions to track and spend in the game are credits, experience points, and story points. Credits are in-setting money used for expenses and purchases. Experience points are used to improve characters. Story points are handy when the dice aren't cooperating.

The Crew
Much like a roleplaying game, the book opens with a basic description of the game and then jumps into character generation. There are various methods of creating a crew, depending on the player's level of experience. Characters can have a variety of origins and classes. Equipment is generated as a pool and assigned to the characters at the player's discretion.

The Ship
The rules for the crew's ship handle it as an abstraction. The existence of the ship explains how the crew gets around. There are events that occur during interstellar journeys (including boarding actions), but there are no rules in the book for ship-to-ship combat. The ship supports the crew in various ways - injured characters go to sickbay, it provides secure storage for equipment, etc. However, the ship rarely appears on the battlefield and even then only as an objective for the opposition to capture.

Combat
This is a skirmish level game - the half-dozen members of the crew going up against opposition that may slightly outnumber them. Setting up a battle involves determining objectives, generating the opposition, and placing terrain. There is solid guidance on running the opposition. Different types of opponents will behave differently on the battlefield - some cautiously remaining behind cover while keeping the range open, others boldly advancing, and still others maneuvering tactically for advantage. The rules for fighting it out appear to be straightforward. I'll reserve judgment on how well the rules work until I get a few games in. However, the game seems to avoid the trap of adding complexity for the sake of covering every conceivable exception and edge case.

The Campaign
There are plenty of options for setting up and running a campaign. I'm tempted to borrow some of the rules for my next sci-fi roleplaying campaign. The campaign rules break things down into steps. There are world generation rules if the crew is trying their luck on another planet. The rules detail what each member of the crew is doing between battles - recovering from the last fight, getting into mischief on their own, training up, etc. Generating jobs may result in a crew having multiple offers on the table. Deciding which job to take is up to the player - unless a Rival catches up and ambushes the crew, causing them to miss the opportunity to get the job done.

Setting
There is enough setting presented to explain why spaceship crews are wondering around looking for the kind of work best depicted with miniatures, terrain, and dice. The eight pages of text conveys the feel of the setting without getting lost in the details. The idea of a spaceship crew operating on a frontier and being hired by various groups that would rather no get their own hands dirty should be familiar to most readers.

Layout
There is a table of contents, but no index. I'll have to see how easy it is to find things during actual play. However, the fact that each chapter is color coded should be helpful. The back of the book contains several handy appendixes - how to play the game on a grid, taking Red and Black Jobs if the campaign is getting too easy, adding more narrative elements, and various bits of advice.

Not long after I got my copy. I love that new book smell!

Outro
My first reading of Five Parsecs From Home did what it was intended to do. I'm looking forward to starting a campaign. I just need to get enough miniatures and terrain assembled and painted to put on the table. I hope that you've found this quick look at the game useful.

Star Trek Adventures - Felicity Cooke Wrestling With Moral Issues

This post returns to our computer specialist example character by examining what makes her tick. A character's Values, Talents, and Focuses reveal a great deal about that character and how they approach problems. We'll also take a look at a mechanic similar to Values, but one that effects all of the player characters - Directives.


Values

Two things that players should keep in mind when creating Values for a character:

Values describe a character's passions and drives. This goes beyond things that are useful to understanding how to roleplay a character. Values are a character's most important motivations - the things that will override other considerations for that character. To use a canonical example, Kira Neyes' dislike and distrust of Cardassians is on display during many episodes of Star Trek Deep Space Nine. However, it is not a Value listed on her character sheet and it shouldn't be. There are things that matter more to her, things that she cares more deeply about - advancing the cause of Bajor and the Bajoran people. In fact, the Bajoran cause takes up two of her four Values. The other two relate to the high standards she sets for herself. Her issues with Cardassians pale in comparison to these other aspects.

Values should apply to a variety of situations. Applying a Value allows a player character to spend a point of Determination. The bonuses that Determination can offer are significant, so having Values that kick in at a critical moment could turn the tide. Returning to the example of Kira Neyes, the high standards represented by her Values come up whenever things turn dire. These Values describe her approach to resolving a crisis. Given how many situations in a given episode of Star Trek can be described as a crisis, such Values come up pretty often. Her Values relating to Bajor also apply often. Bajor and issues relating to it remain significant throughout Deep Space Nine's run.

Gamemasters should carefully note the Values that players create for their characters. These are clear indicators of what themes and aspects of their characters that players wish to explore. They also show which parts of the Star Trek setting that they want their characters to interact with.

Mechanically, if a character has a Value that applies to a Task, then they can spend a point of Determination on that Task. That point of Determination can be used for a hefty bonus, to re-roll all of the dice, immediately perform another Task, or create an Advantage (a broadly applicable bonus) for the current scene. Another effect of Values can be used by the Gamemaster - when a character sticking to their guns regarding a Value would make the situation worse, the Gamemaster can offer the player a point of Determination at the price of a Complication. Finally, a Value can be challenged. If a Value would be detrimental to a Task or the situation, it can be crossed out in exchange for a point of Determination. That Value cannot be used again for that mission and, once the mission is over, the player may alter or replace that Value to represent the change in the character's beliefs.

Let's take a look at Felicity's Values and how they might be used in play:

"Nothing Can't Be Fixed"
This reflects her upbringing on a remote colony and the need to make do with what was on hand. It can be invoked anytime Felicity really needs the bonus from a point of Determination to fix something. On the other hand, Felicity's conviction that she can fix anything could be used against her.

"Call It Like I See It"
This is a commitment to honestly stating the truth above other factors, such as the authority that the other party carries. It can be used when Felicity is trying to persuade someone using the facts of the matter. Of course, she might be tempted to confront someone with facts that they would prefer to ignore - the Gamemaster could offer her player a point of Determination to have Felicity do just that. The resulting Complication may involve angering the other party.

"Something to Prove"
Felicity has a chip on her shoulder. This can be invoked when she needs to dig deep, accomplish something critical, and spend that point of Determination. However, that chip on her shoulder could provoke her into doing something unwise.

"Some Rules Can Be Bent, Other Broken"
Did I mention Felicity's issues with authority and the chip on her shoulder? Starfleet regulations, treaty stipulations, Federation law, and other rules are often treated as open to interpretation in Star Trek. Felicity is just a little more prone to using a broad understanding of such things than her fellow officers. On the other hand, ignoring inconvenient rules and taking the easier path can be enticing - even the Complication of getting caught could be worth a point of Determination.


Talents

These reflect some knack that allows a character to perform a feat over and above what most could accomplish. Like Values, Talents express something about the character. Here are how the ones I selected for Felicity may apply during play:

Resolute
This is a boring, but practical option for Human characters with a bit of gumption. Resolute gives Felicity a bonus to her maximum Stress. This is obviously a benefit, but the implementation is static. The player is unlikely to put much thought into it after picking it and adding the bonus during character generation.

Computer Expertise
This was available to Felicity because her Science was high enough at that point during character generation. It provides a bonus d20 whenever Felicity attempts a computer-related Task. An obvious choice given that she was a computer specialist at a young age.

Technical Expertise
Allows a re-roll of one d20 whenever Felicity is attempting a Task assisted by the ship's Computers or Sensors. This Talent is really handy when she is sitting at her post on the bridge. It is balanced by the fact that it doesn't apply anywhere else. This represents how Starfleet training deepened her affinity with computers.

Bold: Engineering
The Bold Talent is for characters who don't mind taking chances. It allows a re-roll of one d20 whenever Felicity is attempting a Task using the Engineering Discipline and if her player buys one or more d20s by adding to Threat. This Talent has better utility than Technical Expertise. Of course, it is balanced by the need to add to the Threat pool to use it.


Focuses

These represent a character's knowledge or experience in a specialized field. When a Focus applies to a Task, each die that rolls equal to or less than the Discipline used for that Task scores two successes rather than just one. This could potentially score multiple additional successes.

Computers
Central to the character concept and Felicity's early life.

Cybernetics
A specialty with a fair degree of utility in the 24th century considering all of the robots, androids, and Borg running around. An extension of her interest in computers.

Electro-Plasma Power Systems
Simply putting "Power Systems" might have been a more flexible choice, but this was what it was called in the core rulebook. A reflection of her early days keeping her colony's infrastructure running.

Espionage
Representing the early influence of Starfleet Intelligence in Felicity's career. They offered her training during her Academy days and her first assignments were Starfleet Intelligence operations. It applies in various ways - tradecraft, being informed about foreign organizations, encryption, etc.

Composure
Required of her during her time with Starfleet Intelligence. She knows how to keep her cards close to her chest when she needs to.

Infiltration
Ironically this was not something that she excelled at during her tenure with Starfleet Intelligence. She developed this skillset during a First Contact mission after leaving wet work behind her.


Directives

These are Values set by the Gamemaster and are specific to the mission at hand. Directives express the orders of Starfleet Command, the goals of the mission, or the how the Federation would prefer the player characters to handle the situation. They function the same as Values mechanically - if a Directive can be applied to a Task, then the player character can spend a point of Determination. Directives can be the source of Complications since they can force the player characters to act in specific ways. A Directive can even be challenged like a Value to gain a point of Determination, but there might be consequences for an officer who defies orders.

Directives help focus the players on the mission. Initially, I overlooked the impact of Directives when running the game. Directives inform the players what is important to the Federation and Starfleet. They offer a firm direction if the situation seems uncertain.

There is a Directive that is in play in all but the most unusual of circumstances - Starfleet General Order One, the Prime Directive. The Command Division supplement has a section on the Prime Directive. It seems to recommend a broad interpretation with the understanding that many exceptions exist within Star Trek canon. The main dramatic function of the Prime Directive in the various Star Trek series seems to be to frame a philosophical debate scene as the characters mull over the morals and ethics of the situation. And then they end up doing whatever the plot demands they do anyway. In the couple of sessions that it's come up so far, I was prepared to be flexible about whatever interpretation of the Prime Directive that the players ended up following.

Black Friday / Cyber Monday Haul, Part One

The short sales season immediately before and following the Day of the Turkey here in the United States has come and gone. The idea behind Black Friday and Cyber Monday is for stores to take advantage of the time off and need to do Christmas shopping that many folks have after Thanksgiving. Then there are people like me who like to take advantage of the deals to do a little shopping for themselves at the same time.

The better looking X-1 Viper Droid miniature of the two I bought. I can't decide if it reminds me more of a beetle or armadillo.

From Modiphius Entertainment

Star Trek Adventures: Voyager Player Characters - PDF

This Star Trek Adventures product was introduced at a discount on Black Friday. It's a PDF with the official stats for USS Voyager and key crew members. The release version had some issues - the math for the character stats was off and the graphics looked pixelated. Modiphius put out an updated version a few days later.

I'm not sure if I would have picked this up if it wasn't available at a reduced cost. The stats are handy for comparison when making characters, but I already own The Next Generation and Deep Space Nine character PDFs for that purpose. And Star Trek Voyager is honestly not my favorite series from the franchise.

That said, the game rules for holographic and liberated Borg player characters may come in handy. Besides, I was curious about how they would stat out certain characters. Neelix has enough useful quirks to explain why Janeway would keep him around. And, as I've long suspected, Seven of Nine could arguably do Harry Kim's job as well as he could.


From Miniature Market

X-1 Viper Droids

From the Star Wars Miniatures game published by Wizards of the Coast from 2004 to 2010. I've been considering this purchase for awhile. These are inexpensive war machine models that fit a variety of scales from their intended 34mm to 28mm to 15mm. Even though they are from the Legends continuity (Dark Empire II), they are fairly obscure and shouldn't break immersion when put on the table for a non-Star Wars game. This versatility promises to be useful in the coming year, since I'm planning on dipping my toe back into sci-fi miniatures gaming.

One is in excellent condition. The other is scuffed and was stored in a way that pushed the left arm in. This isn't a huge issue, as I was planning on touching up the paint and weathering them anyway. Or I could just repaint them - a new color scheme would help conceal their Star Wars origins.

Close up of the scuff marks on the worse off of the X-1 Viper Droid miniatures. It looks to me like it was dropped at some point. A little paint should fix it up.

Star Trek Deep Cuts Unpainted Ships: Jem'Hadar Attack Ship

From Star Trek Attack Wing by Wizkids. I got these for menacing player characters and their Eaglemoss starship in Star Trek Adventures. These scarab-shaped ships made a strong first impression by blowing up the Galaxy-class USS Odyssey in the last episode of Star Trek Deep Space Nine's second season ("The Jem'Hadar" DS9 episode 2x26) and continued to threaten the Federation and its allies throughout the rest of the show. The "Deep Cuts" in the name refer to the more pronounced detailing. It looks like these models will take a wash and highlighting well. The fact that these figures come pre-primed saves a step. I just need to do a little more research for a screen-accurate paint scheme.

Star Trek Deep Cuts Unpainted Ships: Cardassian Galor Class

Also from Star Trek Attack Wing by Wizkids. The Galor-class is the mainstay of the Cardassian fleet. Vaguely resembling an ankh from the top, these ships first appeared in Star Trek The Next Generation ("The Wounded" TNG episode 4x12) and even showed up on Star Trek Voyager, but most of their screen time was on Star Trek Deep Space Nine. These models are smaller than I expected, being way out of scale with the Jem'Hadar Attack Ship.


This is post one of two. I'm waiting for my last shipment to arrive. Then we'll see how many words I can type about paint.

Star Trek Adventures - Felicity Cooke in Trouble

Let's continue with Star Trek Adventures by putting the computer specialist from a previous post into various kinds of trouble. These posts reflect insights gained from our USS Yamato campaign. I hope that passing on our impressions helps improve your experience with the game.

First, I'm going to give the "totally not a hacker" example a name - "Felicity Cooke" - and develop her from a concept into a fully playable character. A few minutes with the Star Trek Adventures online character builder gives me this:

Lieutenant Felicity Cooke

Species: Human
Environment: Isolated Colony
Upbringing: Science and Technology (A)
Assignment: Operations Manager

Attributes
Control 11          Fitness 8          Presence 8
Daring 9             Insight 9          Reason 11

Disciplines
Command 2        Security 3        Science 4
Conn 2               Engineering 4   Medicine 1

Values

• "Nothing Can't Be Fixed"
• "Call It Like I See It"
• "Something to Prove"
• "Some Rules Can Be Bent, Others Broken"

Talents

• Resolute
• Computer Expertise
• Technical Expertise
• Bold: Engineering

Focuses

• Computers
• Cybernetics
• Electro-Plasma Power Systems
• Espionage
• Composure
• Infiltration

Stress 14


The previous post established Felicity Cooke as having good ratings in the Engineering and Science Disciplines. Focus and Talent selection was driven by the "cyber information specialist" concept. The choice of Operations Manager as her bridge post is the closest that I could get to "information technology in SPACE" that I could get. Operations Manager does make good use of her abilities, as we will see.


Personal Combat - General Principles

So what happens when a Starfleet officer gets into trouble? Starfleet's policies usually call for deescalating conflicts whenever possible. However, Federation starships busy with boldly going and Away Teams exploring strange new worlds are routinely confronted by less idealistic organizations. Starfleet personnel are expected to be able to defend themselves in a dangerous galaxy.

Security is the Discipline that most directly determines how effective a character will be in personal combat.

• Combined with the Control Attribute, Security determines how accurate a character is with a ranged weapon like their phaser sidearm.
• Combined with the Daring Attribute, Security determines how often a character will land hits in hand to hand combat.
• Combined with the Fitness Attribute, Security determines how many points of Stress a character can endure losing.

Putting a moderate number of points in Control, Daring, and Fitness and a fair amount of points in Security is prudent for a character who regularly takes part in Away Team missions. This approach results in a character who can take care of themselves without pulling too many points away from a core concept that may not be personal combat. On the other hand, a character who does have personal combat as a core concept - a Security Chief or other combat specialist - may wish to raise those Attributes and the Security Discipline as high as possible during character generation to reflect their training and experience. Finally, there are some characters who specialize in roles that keep them on the ship. This may result in a character who needs protection from others on those occasions when they do appear on an Away Team. There's nothing inherently wrong with this approach - Starfleet doesn't expect a Ship's Counselor, historian, or botanist to be a combat machine.

Personal Combat and Felicity Cooke

Felicity Cooke is an example of a character who was not created specifically for personal combat. Even so, she's not exactly helpless if a fight breaks out.

She has a Security Discipline of 3 due to some time spent with Starfleet Intelligence, who put her affinity with computers to use early in her career. Don't ask her about it, though - it's classified and she doesn't want to talk about it anyway.

Her Control Attribute of 11 makes ranged attacks her best bet for self defense. A Ranged Attack is a Control + Security Task with a Difficulty of 2. This means that she has to roll a 14 or below on a d20 to generate a success. She'll need 2 successes to hit. Since players normally only roll 2 d20s, she'll have to draw on Star Trek Adventures' metacurrencies (Momentum, Threat, and Determination) to get more dice. This is not unusual - the players should be watching for opportunities to generate those metacurrencies and the Gamemaster should grant those opportunities generously. Star Trek depicts Starfleet officers as succeeding more often than failing (to the point where failure sometimes becomes a story element) and the game models their high level of competence.

With a Daring Attribute of 9, she doesn't want to get into close quarters with a hostile Klingon warrior or Jemhadar soldier if she can help it. A Melee Attack is a Daring + Security Task with a Difficulty of 1. The lower Difficulty seems to make it a better option than a Ranged Attack, but a Melee Attack is an Opposed Task. Felicity Cooke's opponent will get their own Daring + Security Task to counter her roll. If her opponent wins the Opposed Task, her attack fails and the opponent is considered to have made a successful Melee Attack on her. Engaging a more capable hand to hand combatant is a risky move in Star Trek Adventures.

The Resolute Talent (adds +3 to Stress) means that she can tank more Stress (14) than her Fitness Attribute of 8 might suggest.

In the end, Felicity Cooke can take care of herself as long as she doesn't get in over her head. Exchanging phaser fire with Cardassian and Romulan soldiers from behind cover is comfortably within her abilities, but hand to hand combat is something she'll want to avoid.


Starship Combat

A character's contribution to starship combat depends on their post. As Operations Manager, Felicity Cooke will mainly be using the ship's sensors and minding the ship's internal systems.

Sensor Tasks

The two Tasks related to a starship's sensors that directly relate to starship combat are Sensor Sweep and Scan For Weaknesses. There is a third Task - Launch Probe - but it doesn't seem to come up all that often in combat.

Sensor Sweep

A Reason + Science Task, assisted by the ship's Sensors + Science, with a Difficulty of 0. Any successes generated by the Sensor Sweep Task are either used by the player to ask questions of the Gamemaster - fun things like "what just blew a hole through the hull?" Or they can be added to the Momentum Pool as usual.

With a Reason of 11, a Science of 4, and the Technical Expertise Talent, Felicity has no problems with using the ship's sensors to tell her what's going on outside the ship. The GM can increase the Difficulty based on conditions outside the ship - sensor interference is a common issue in Star Trek. Since Felicity is attempting a Task assisted by the ship's Sensors, her Technical Expertise Talent can be used to re-roll a single d20 (which may be the ship's die).

Scan For Weakness

A Control + Science Task, assisted by the ship's Sensors + Security, with a Difficulty of 1 that increases with range. Describing the exact effects of success involves a fairly deep dive into the starship combat rules. Since I want to keep the length of these posts down to something reasonable, I'll just say that a success here will makes the job of putting down a hostile ship easier.

Felicity's Control of 11 and Science of 4 give Felicity a good chance of rolling successes. The re-roll granted by the Technical Expertise Talent also applies, giving her player another shot with a failed die roll.

Internal Systems Tasks

The Star Trek: The Next Generation Technical Manual goes into some depth in describing the role of the Operations Manager in coordinating a starship's activities and allocating its resources on a minute by minute basis. In the game, this is modeled by giving a character like Felicity the ability to carry out the Power Management, Regenerate Shields, Damage Control, and Transporter Tasks. Most of these Tasks are actually easier (Difficulty reduced by 1) if performed in main engineering or - in the specific case of the Transporters Task - a transporter room.

Presented below is a look at how each of these Tasks work, using Felicity Cooke as an example. Before that, though, let's take a look at Felicity's Bold: Engineering Talent. It triggers when Felicity attempts a Task using her Engineering Discipline and her player buys at least 1 additional d20 by adding to Threat. If both conditions are met, Felicity's player may re-roll a single d20. As many of the Tasks described below use the Engineering Discipline, Felicity will have many opportunities to use her Bold: Engineering Talent to improve her chances of success. Unfortunately, it is at the price of increasing the danger she and her shipmates might be facing later.

Power Management

A Daring or Control + Engineering Task with a Difficulty of 2. Success means that the ship gains a point of Power, plus one additional point per Momentum spent. This Power can exceed the ship's normal maximum.

Ship's power is a critical and limited resource in Star Trek. Bypassing systems of less importance in the moment and rerouting the power that they would otherwise use is commonly seen in the various series. As a way of wringing more power out a ship in a crisis, it makes sense - things like the replicators and holodecks are rarely used when the ship is taking fire, after all.

Felicity's Control of 11 and Engineering of 4 make her a good choice to perform this Task if the Chief Engineer is busy. Making her an even better choice is her Electro-Plasma Power Systems Focus. Each die that rolls equal to or less than the Discipline used (in this case, Felicity's Engineering of 4) scores 2 successes.

This Task can Succeed at Cost - the player has the option of taking a Complication on a failed result to make the Task happen successfully. A Complication in this case likely represents the negative effects of robbing Peter to pay Paul - maybe a system that Felicity thought wouldn't be needed turns out to be critical, forcing the crew to do without it.

Regenerate Shields

A Control + Engineering Task, assisted by the ship's Structure + Engineering, with a Difficulty of 1. The Difficulty increases by 1 if the ship's Shields are at 0. Success restores 2 points of Shields to the ship, plus 2 additional points for each Momentum spent (Repeatable).

The ship's shields are another critical and limited resource in a crisis. As seen many times in the series and movies, shields rapidly deplete in a dramatic fashion as they protect the ship from damage. Pumping more power into the shield system is the usual response.

Felicity's Control of 11 and Engineering of 4 give her a good chance of getting the shields back up in a pinch. By invoking her "Nothing Can't Be Fixed" Value, Felicity's player may spend a point of Determination. This grants some interesting options: a bonus d20 that is considered to have a result of 1 - generating 2 successes automatically, re-rolling all of the dice in the character's die pool, immediately performing an additional Task as soon as the current one is resolved, or creating an Advantage applying to the current scene. In the case of the Regenerate Shields Task, the bonus d20 might be the best choice.

Damage Control

A Damaged or Disabled system must be chosen before the die roll for this Task. A Presence + Engineering Task with a Difficulty determined by how much abuse the system in question has taken. Success means that the system can be used again normally. This specifically does not remove any Breaches the ship has suffered, only the penalties imposed by that damage.

This Task involves sending a damage control team to the source of a problem with orders to patch it up. The Damage Control Task does not represent actual repairs to shot up systems - only emergency measures to bypass non-functional components and get them working long enough to get out of danger. This is why the Breaches don't go away along with the penalties. Breaches take days or weeks of repair, replacement, and rebuilding to fix.

Felicity's Presence of 8 and Engineering of 4 means that the Chief Engineering might be a better choice of this Task. However, both Felicity's Bold: Engineering Talent and "Nothing Can't Be Fixed" Value still apply, improving her chances at the cost of either adding to Threat or spending a point of Felicity's Determination. On the other hand, the Chief Engineer has resources of their own to call on, starting with the fact that they are likely standing in Main Engineering - reducing the Difficulty by 1.

As an alternate to this Task, either Felicity or the Chief Engineer can use the Change Position Minor Action to just go to whatever system is broken and fix it themselves. A Daring or Control + Engineering Task.

Transporter

Power Requirement of 1. A target (an object, group of objects, or group of people) and destination both within Close range of the ship must be selected. A Control + Engineering Task, assisted by the ship's Sensors + Engineering, with a Difficulty of 2.

The Difficulty of the Transporter Task increases depending on the following:

• Increase by 1 if the target is not on a transporter pad.
• Increase by 1 if the destination is not a transporter pad.
• Increase depending on interference or other adverse conditions depending on the Gamemaster.

In addition, the target cannot be transported to or from any location with more than 0 Shields.

On the other hand, the Difficulty of the Transporter Task is reduced by 1 if performed from any transporter room. Which makes leaving it up to the Transporter Chief Minor Character really tempting.

But if Felicity has some free time while her ship is taking fire, her Control of 11 and Engineering of 4 means she's fully qualified to perform this Task. Since the Transporter Task is assisted by the ship's Sensors, Felicity's Technical Expertise Talent kicks in, granting a re-roll on a single die.


Next Time: Wrapping up things with our computer specialist by taking a closer look at her Values, Talents, and Focuses. Also, applying Directives to an adventure.

Star Trek Adventures - A Look at Disciplines

This post continues with the insights gained from our USS Yamato campaign. I passed on some experiences previously when I described the USS Yamato campaign and discussed retooling the campaign with a new ship and mostly new crew. The notes that these posts are based on should provide enough material for a couple more "lessons learned" posts. After that, I'll likely clean up and publish my notes for 2371 and then move on to the retooled campaign. There might be some non-Star Trek Adventures posts in there as well.

Finally got around to putting all of the Divison books together to form this image. They're in a heap of trouble, aren't they?

Let's take a look at Disciplines. For those not familiar with Star Trek Adventures, each character has six Disciplines representing their training in various areas. These are Command, Conn, Engineering, Security, Science, and Medical. Naming the Disciplines after the departments on a Federation starship is no coincidence. It reflects the game's default assumption that the player characters are Starfleet officers. Having those names right on the character sheets help to maintain the feel of playing in the Star Trek setting.

Having six Disciplines instead of a more traditional skill system is an inspired touch. It simplifies character generation by not requiring the players to go through a long list of skills to figure out what they want their characters to be able to do or what they are good at. (Note that players still have to pick six Focuses, which represent what the character is really good at.) Disciplines also streamline play - a gamemaster and player don't have to review a skill list to see which one fits the Task that the player wants their character to perform. Instead, they just have to pick which of the six Disciplines represents the training that the character needs at the moment.

Applying Disciplines is usually straightforward:

• Issuing orders, engaging in a little diplomacy, or dealing with a Byzantine bureaucracy? Command.
• Navigating a dense debris field in a starship? Conn.
• Navigating a dense debris field in a shuttle? Still Conn.
• Fixing that sparking and smoking console? Engineering.
• Need to use a handheld phaser? Security.
• Need to use the ship's phaser array? Still Security.
• Waving a tricorder at something weird and getting exposition to advance the plot? Science, unless its alive and then it might be Medical.
• Finding the cure to those strange rashes that everybody's broken out with? Medical.

A few Disciplines have applications that can seem a little odd at first glance, but work well in play:

• Command covers a wide range of personal interactions, not just leadership as the name implies. A player who wants a character who is charming, relies on salesmanship, or is the Ship's Counselor needs to put points into Command even if they won't be a leader.
• Conn doesn't just deal with operating vehicles, it also represents a character's EVA training (including the use of spacesuits and moving around in microgravity), ship recognition skills, and familiarity with Starfleet culture. That last could be described as "military protocol" - how to act towards other individuals depending on their relative status in Starfleet, who does what on a starship, and other organizational knowledge. Note that knowledge of specific Starfleet rules and regulations is part of Command.
• Security covers law enforcement and tactical skills like moving with stealth in addition to weapons use. Investigations usually fall to the Security Chief when a mystery episode shows up in the various Star Trek series. Questioning witnesses, examining evidence, and interrogating suspects all fall under Security.

Let's suppose a player wanted a character who has an affinity with computers but is totally not a hacker. Pretty much all the player would have to do with Disciplines is put three to five points into Engineering. Making sure that Science isn't their dump stat might help with the more theoretical aspects of computing, but that's as much as the player needs to do with Disciplines. The player can then move on to other aspects of their character that would be helpful to a cyber information specialist.

Now, our computer specialist is going to end up highly qualified in other technical areas due to that moderate to high Engineering Discipline. It might seem odd to some to see a character who spends their days working on the ship's data networks suddenly tearing into the warp drive for emergency repairs. This actually fits the setting. Starfleet officers are usually depicted as extremely well trained in a wide variety of skills. However, even our computer specialist has a minimal number of points in one or more Disciplines. No one can be good at everything and Starfleet expects its crews to operate as teams.


Next Time: Our computer specialist gets into trouble.

Different Places, Different Methods - Starfleet Officer Rosters Depending on Circumstance

This is the third post looking at the senior officer roster of a starship and its effects on a Star Trek Adventures game. The first post described our experiences with using the senior officer roster to guide character creation as we retooled our campaign. The second examined how that roster differs depending on era by looking at different starships named Enterprise. This time, let's see how that roster changes by circumstance.


Deep Space Nine

The following list reflects Deep Space Nine's senior officer roster as of the beginning of 2371, shortly after the arrival of USS Defiant to the station. Note that Worf does not transfer to DS9 until 2372 and Michael Eddington is present. Also note that Benjamin Sisko still holds the rank of Commander until his promotion to Captain in "The Adversary" - the last episode of DS9's third season. Jadzia Dax and Julian Bashir are promoted in between seasons three and four. Finally, this list does not include notable residents of the station such as Quark or Elim Garak.

Commanding Officer Benjamin Sisko
Executive Officer/Liaison Officer Kira Nerys
Chief of Security (Starfleet) Michael Eddington
Science Officer Jadzia Dax
Chief Medical Officer Julian Bashir
Chief of Operations Miles O'Brien
Chief of Security (Station) Odo

There is much to unpack here, so let's dig right in:

• Starfleet did not provide officers and crew for USS Defiant, instead having Deep Space Nine operate the starship as a support vessel.* Officers and crew are drawn from Deep Space Nine as needed. Most of the senior officers retain their posts from the Deep Space Nine roster. The exception is Jadzia Dax, who takes on the post of CONN in addition to her science duties. In a campaign based on a station or planet, this could be a useful guide for using a Defiant-class, Nova-class, or other small starship to get the Main Characters away on occasion. It doesn't add a bunch of characters to the game and an adventure in space or on an unexplored world makes for an exciting change of pace.
• Two of the officers, Kira Nerys and Odo, are members of the Bajoran Militia rather than the Federation Starfleet. This arrangement is not unusual for Starfleet. The 24th century Starfleet runs an Officer Exchange Program to improve cooperation with allied governments. This allowed officers of the Klingon Defense Force and other allies to serve on Federation starships. There is also the Interspecies Medical Exchange of the 22nd century, although this is limited to medical personnel as the name implies.
• Benjamin Sisko, in addition to commanding the station, is the Federation's and Starfleet's representative to the Bajorans. Likewise, Kira Nerys represents the Bajoran Provisional Government (later the Bajoran Republic) and the Bajoran Militia as Liaison Officer. This reflects Starfleet's role in Federation diplomacy and Sisko's mission to facilitate Bajor's joining the Federation.
• Michael Eddington is assigned to Deep Space Nine in early 2371 to give Starfleet more direct control over station security. (Yeah, I know. IRONIC. And HILARIOUS.) This was over the objections of Benjamin Sisko. In the end, Eddington's role will be limited to overseeing security over Starfleet operations on Deep Space Nine and acting as Security Chief on USS Defiant. General station security, including law enforcement and customs duties, will remain in the hands of Odo and his deputies. Defense of the station from boarding operations remains a shared responsibility. This is an example of Starfleet overriding the concerns of a CO in order to pursue its own agenda. Having Starfleet drop someone in who just doesn't click to provide some drama is fairly common in Star Trek.
• The inclusion of a Science Officer on the senior staff is curious, given that it is no longer a standard bridge post aboard starships by the late 24th century. It may reflect the fact that a station is less likely than a starship to have a full staff of Science personnel, including specialists in various fields. A station's Science Officer may be a generalist making do with limited resources.*
• Deep Space Nine's Chief of Operations is responsible for keeping all station systems in good condition. This task is complicated by Deep Space Nine incorporating technologies from three sources - the Cardassians, the Bajorans, and the Federation. Bajoran and Federation technology don't seem to have any particular issues with each other, but Cardassian technology is specifically and repeatedly mentioned as being incompatible with Federation technology. The closest equivalent starship post would be Chief Engineer. This makes Miles O'Brien, a non-commissioned officer, a curious choice for the post, especially after he effectively becomes Chief Engineer of USS Defiant.* This also implies that Deep Space Nine's entire Operations staff is also non-commissioned personnel. (Yes, a junior officer is expected to listen to a more experienced NCO in that NCO's field of expertise, but would not be assigned to routinely follow that NCO's orders. That's the role of a more senior commissioned officer.)

USS Voyager

This list represents USS Voyager's original senior staff as assigned by Starfleet.

Commanding Officer Kathryn Janeway
Executive Officer (No canon first name available. See below.) Cavit
Chief of Security Tuvok
Chief Engineering Officer (No canon name available. See below.)
Chief Medical Officer (No canon name available. See below.)
Flight Control Officer (No canon first name available. See below.) Stadi
Operations Officer Harry Kim
Observer Tom Paris

• Several of USS Voyager's senior officers are only seen in Voyager's pilot episode "The Caretaker" and names are hard to come by. The XO and CONN have no first names in canon. The CMO is not named in the script or dialogue but does appear in the pilot. Non-canon sources give him various names, but not a consistently used one. The Chief Engineer never even makes an appearance. All of these characters are literal place holders for those that would replace them early in the series and are rarely mentioned later. A note for gamemasters - take a moment to give every NPC a full name, just in case it comes up. It lends a little verisimilitude to the setting.
• The Ship's Counselor post on USS Voyager is vacant. The ship's initial assignment of capturing Val Jean and arresting its crew is expected to be too brief to require one.*
• Security Chief Tuvok is on an undercover assignment at the time of USS Voyager's launch. He may not have even come aboard the ship until it gets to the Delta Quadrant. Missing USS Voyager's fitting out and shakedown means that he also missed the chance to familiarize himself with the ship and his Security personnel. Janeway may have been willing to make this trade off, but it does seem odd that no one else was available to take on the undercover role.* A special assignment like this would provide a good reason for a Main Character to disappear for awhile if the player controlling them has to miss a few sessions.
• Harry Kim is the most junior member of the senior staff in terms of rank and experience. This contrasts with his role as OPS, where he would have to be able to speak with authority on scientific and technical matters as Data did on Enterprise-D. Then again, perhaps a more experienced officer was simply not available.*
• Tom Paris is not a formal member of the crew. He is aboard for his knowledge of the Badlands, the Maquis in general, and Chakotay's Maquis cell in particular. Observer is a good way to introduce an officer who has a limited role for a specific mission, but is will not be staying around for long.

The following is a list of USS Voyager's senior staff after a short time in the Delta Quadrant. The original XO, Chief Engineer, CMO, and CONN were killed when USS Voyager was swept into the Delta Quadrant. The crews of USS Voyager and the Maquis raider Val Jean have combined to make the long trip home.

Commanding Officer Kathryn Janeway
Executive Officer Chakotay
Chief of Security Tuvok
Chief Engineering Officer B'Elanna Torres
Chief Medical Officer Emergency Medical Holographic Program AK-1 Diagnostic and Surgical Subroutine Omega 323 ("EMH" and "The Doctor")
Flight Control Officer Tom Paris
Operations Officer Harry Kim

• The XO and Chief Engineer are Maquis who accepted positions as provisional officers to replace lost personnel. They wear different rank emblems than the rest of the officers. The fact that special rank emblems for provisional officers exist means that there is some protocol for it on Federation starships. A qualified non-Starfleet individual might be offered a provisional officer post in an emergency that resulted in the deaths of key officers. However, it is likely that it is only intended to last until the starship can get back to the nearest Federation base or planet.
• Chakotay was a Starfleet officer before resigning to join the Maquis. Why Janeway makes him into a provisional officer rather than reactivate his commission is not directly addressed in canon. His time in the Maquis may make this questionable from a legal standpoint. Also, although Chakotay is always addressed as "Commander" in the show, his provisional rank emblem is that of a Lieutenant Commander - the rank of the officer he is replacing.
• Chief Engineer B'Elanna Torres dropped out of Starfleet Academy after two years of disciplinary issues and never held a commission. Her talents as an engineer prompts Janeway to overlook potential interpersonal conflicts and offer her a post as a provisional officer. While this is an extreme example, it illustrates that a starship CO does have some discretion to look the other way for a promising officer.
• It is unlikely that Kathryn Janeway would put USS Voyager's EMH in charge of sickbay if she had any other choice. The EMH Mark I is not considered an artificial life form or sentient at this point. This does not rule out a holographic or artificial Main Character in 2371, but some explanation would be needed to fit the setting.
• Tom Paris is appointed to CONN as he is the best qualified pilot available. As with B'Elanna Torres, Janeway overlooks possible disciplinary issues to make the appointment. He is not a provisional officer and wears regular rank emblems.

* These points may reflect personnel limitations of the 24th century Starfleet. Enterprise-D never seemed to lack for qualified personnel, but service on the flagship would be a highly sought after assignment. Meanwhile, Starfleet seems to have given Deep Space Nine and USS Voyager just enough trained personnel to perform their missions and no more. Then again, if Deep Space Nine suddenly needed an expert, Starfleet could just send them one on a temporary assignment - its not like the station wouldn't be there. Likewise, USS Voyager wasn't being sent on a long term deep space mission - it was bringing in some outlaws for trial.

New School, Old School - Starship Officer Rosters Over Time

The previous post described how we used the senior officer roster to guide group character creation in Star Trek Adventures. This time, let's look at how that organization differs over time and how that might influence the game.

This is the roster of senior officer posts on a Federation starship as presented last time with the snarky commentary edited out:

Commanding Officer (CO)
Executive Officer (XO)
Operations Officer (OPS)
Chief Engineering Officer ("Chief Engineer")
Chief Security Officer ("Security Chief")
Chief Medical Officer (CMO)
Flight Control Officer (CONN)
Ship's Counselor ("Counselor")

This is intended to be a complete list for the game's default year of 2371. I'm using the term Executive Officer instead of the more often used First Officer since it fits the abbreviation XO, the source material uses the titles pretty much interchangeably, and I happen to like it better. To check the accuracy of this list, let's compare it with the roster of a ship that operated for (most) of that year - USS Enterprise, NCC-1701-D as featured in TNG:

Commanding Officer Jean-Luc Picard
Executive Officer William Riker
Operations Officer Data
Chief Engineering Officer Geordi LaForge
Chief Security Officer Worf
Chief Medical Officer Beverly Crusher
Ship's Counselor Deanna Troi

Enterprise-D has an almost complete roster of senior officers, the exception being a regular CONN. It's no surprise that the flagship is fully staffed. With every senior officer post filled, there were no gaps in expertise. Captain Picard could draw on a variety of views and on a deep well of knowledge on pretty much any subject. A Galaxy-class starship with a full staff of talented personnel led by an experienced captain was a powerful tool for the Federation. This may explain why Starfleet was keen on putting that same crew back into space as soon as it could after the loss of Enterprise-D in late 2371.

Let's take a moment to look at the revolving door that is the CONN post on Enterprise-D. It was filled by Geordi LaForge before his promotion to Chief Engineer, Wesley Crusher prior to his acceptance into Starfleet Academy, and Ro Laren until she ran off to join the Maquis. Otherwise, the Flight Control console was operated by a number of folks who would be considered Support Characters in game. A player character CONN may work better for games featuring starship combat as regular occurrence - Main Characters have better stats and access to the full range of abilities to enhance their effectiveness. My headcanon for the "revolving door" on Enterprise-D is that officers who could meet Picard and Riker's high standards for the post were quickly promoted out of it. Service on the flagship looks good on a young officer's record and Starfleet had a need for highly qualified officers elsewhere.

Shifting back to the 23rd century, we have the senior officers of USS Enterprise, NCC-1701 as featured in TOS:

Commanding Officer James Kirk
Executive Officer/Science Officer Spock
Chief Engineering Officer Montgomery Scott
Chief Medical Officer Leonard McCoy
Senior Helmsman Hikaru Sulu
Chief Communications Officer Nyota Uhura
Navigator Pavel Chekov

There are a number of differences from how things are done in the default year of 2371.

• Combining the XO with another senior officer post seems to be common practice. Another example is from Captain Christopher Pike's tenure as NCC-1701's CO - Number One, who was XO and operated the Helmsman's console.
• There is a position for the Science Officer on the bridge in order to directly advise the rest of the senior officers on scientific matters. This responsibility seems to have been split between various other posts by the 24th century, with most of it falling on OPS.
• Doctor McCoy, in addition to being CMO, is the head of the Life Sciences department, NCC-1701's head surgeon, and seems to have some responsibility over the mental health of the crew in general and the CO in particular. It's not clear how much of that is common practice for the CMO of a 23rd century starship and how much is unique to Doctor McCoy.
• Operating the ship's flight control systems and navigation are the responsibility of separate officers in different divisions. Combining the two roles into CONN may reflect the increasing automation aboard starships as time goes by. 24th century starships seem to be able to take up much of the burden of flying the ship and plotting a course. It should also be noted that the Helmsman's burden also included operating the ship's weapons during much of this era. Starfleet did experiment with adding a Weapons Officer's console to the bridge during the 2270s, but it seems to be missing from NCC-1701-A.
• Communications is a role for a senior officer with a console on the bridge. The Communications Officer operates and maintains the communications systems, provides translation when the Universal Translator is not up to the task, and is an expert on codes and encryption. The disappearance of this position by the 24th century may reflect increasing computer control of the communications systems. Opening hailing frequencies and responding to incoming transmissions are mostly done from the Tactical console by the 24th century.

Captain Kirk had a wide range of experts available to consult when needed. However, Kirk lacked a permanent Security Chief during the run of TOS. (Chekov was promoted to the post in the movies featuring the TOS cast.) Perhaps he was unable to find one that met his standards. While Kirk had a high enough Security Discipline to make up for some of the lack, a player group probably doesn't want to fill the Security Chief post with a Support Character. A Main Character would be more capable and works well for a player interested in an action-oriented character.

Moving even further back to the 22nd century, we have the senior officers of the United Earth's first warp five capable starship, NX-01 Enterprise:

Commanding Officer Jonathan Archer
Executive Officer/Science Officer T'Pol
Chief Engineering Officer Charles Tucker III
Chief Medical Officer Phlox
Senior Armory Officer Malcolm Reed
Helmsman Travis Mayweather
Communications Officer Hoshi Sato

There are similarities to the lists of officers who served with Kirk and Picard.

• Like the 23rd century, the duties of XO are combined with that of another senior officer. There are hints that, even if T'Pol had never boarded NX-01, Tucker would have served as Archer's deputy rather than having an officer serving solely as XO. In this case, it could be simply due to the relatively small crew aboard a NX-class starship.
• The Armory Officer would eventually evolve into the Security Chief post. The Armory Officer's intended roles seemed to be limited to operating the ship's defensive systems and shipboard security. NX-01 appeared to have little ability to project force on a planet's surface or while boarding another ship until the addition a MACO detachment in 2153. It should be noted that any MACOs aboard a Starfleet ship would be under the command of a MACO officer who answers directly to the ship's CO rather than the Armory Officer.
• There is no Navigator position on the bridge of NX-01. The Helmsman seems to be responsible for plotting courses, much like a 24th century CONN. The Armory Officer controls the ship's weapons, unlike NCC-1701, allowing the Helmsman to concentrate on getting the ship were it needs to go.

Like the other Enterprises, there is an omission from NX-01's senior officer roster. In the case of NX-01, it has to do with the needs of the crew rather than a lack of capability in operating the ship or in deploying Away Teams - the lack of a mental health professional. The intended mission of the NX-class was deep space exploration. By its very nature, this involves operating for months or years away from the Sol system and any support from United Earth. Ship's Counselors didn't exist yet and the CMO seemed to be mainly concerned with and qualified to address the physical health of the crew. A psychologist would have been handy in managing stress (especially during the Earth-Xindi conflict) and monitoring the mental health of the crew.

Next time: A look at how senior officer rosters can reflect different circumstances by looking at commands not named Enterprise.

Retooling Our Star Trek Adventures Game

So our Star Trek Adventures campaign has evolved from a "taking stock" to a "we really should decide about how to tweak certain things" to a "let's retool this whole thing to make it run better" kinda situation. To be fair, it was only intended to be a quick test drive of the rules. It taking on a life of its own and running for a whole year was never the plan. At this point, we're all inclined to put what we've learned about this game into a new ship and fresh batch of characters. Besides, just about every Star Trek series so far has gone through a retooling at some point during its run. We're really just emulating the source material here.

I've learned a great deal about running 2d20 in general and Star Trek Adventure's version of it in particular. And I'm looking forward to sharing those insights, but not in the form of recaps and let's plays of specific sessions. It would take some time to reconstruct those sessions from my notes and I'd rather focus on lessons learned - what works and areas to improve on.

Where we're starting - or restarting - the game is character creation. The post-retooling campaign will carry over story elements and gamemaster characters from the USS Yamato campaign. There will be a time skip of about six months of in-game time, taking things from early to late 2371. The retooled campaign will take place on a new starship with a (mostly) new crew.

Our group began character generation with a look at the organization of a Federation starship.

Federation Starship Senior Officer Posts (Circa 2371):

• Commanding Officer - CO; The Captain, but doesn't necessarily hold the rank/grade of Captain. Sits in the big chair right in the middle of the bridge and uses the Assist and Direct Tasks to tell other people what to do.
• Executive Officer - XO; First Officer; the Exec. Sometimes has a seat to the right of the CO, sometimes has to find a chair wherever on the bridge. Basically the lite beer version of the CO.
• Operations Officer - OPS. Sits on the bridge and spouts the scientific and technical exposition offered up by the Science Officers of previous centuries.
• Chief Engineering Officer - Chief Engineer. Sometimes shows up on the bridge, mostly tinkers around in the bowels of the ship.
• Chief Security Officer - Security Chief. Glares at people from the Tactical console on the bridge while waiting for a chance to shoot something. Sometimes gets to play gumshoe during mystery episodes.
• Chief Medical Officer - CMO. Addressed as Doctor rather than by rank. Sometimes hangs around the bridge when sickbay's not too busy. Mostly waits for people to get sick or injured. 24th century medical science has progressed enough to motivate attempts to revive downed Security personnel rather than just declare them dead with a shrug.
• Flight Control Officer - CONN. Combines the duties of Helmsman and Navigator from previous centuries. Sits up at the front of the bridge with the best sight line to the viewscreen and drives the ship.
• Ship's Counselor - Addressed as Counselor rather than by rank. Not all starships have a Ship's Counselor aboard. Considering what starship crews go through, having a trained psychologist around to dispense advice is probably a good idea. That and/or a bar.

Of these posts, what was seen on the shows and our experience with USS Yamato indicates that the XO, OPS, and Security Chief tend to be most critical for Away Team missions. In the 24th century Starfleet, most Away Team missions are commanded by the XO rather than risking The Captain. However, this does depend on the ship's culture and the dispositions of the officers involved. OPS is vital to analyzing newly discovered phenomena. The Security Chief is there to deal with any threats to the Away Team. Other officers may or may not be part of an Away Team, depending on the mission, but these three end up going most of the time. My first priority was to divide up the XO, OPS, and Security Chief posts among the three players to insure that each of them had a place on almost every Away Team mission.

We opted to continue to have each player control two characters, something we implemented during the USS Yamato campaign. This gives the players plenty of narrative and tactical control. It also avoids the issue of running scenes where the majority of characters present are controlled by the GM.

The players agreed with my explanation that having the CO and XO being controlled by different players would be better for dramatic purposes. It's challenging to have a player argue with themselves. It also splits up the leadership responsibilities and the blame for things not going well.

They decided early on to not have a player character Ship's Counselor. This may be a duty informally filled by the CMO or a gamemaster character.

Having a player control the CONN officer gave the players direct control of maneuvering the ship. The post was filled by a Support Character in the USS Yamato campaign and it didn't feel as smooth running as a player making the decisions and rolling the dice.

The XO player expressed interest in combining the XO post with another post. Although this is a quirk of how the 22nd and 23rd century Starfleets ran things, it does simply the organizational chart. In this case, the XO post was combined with the CONN officer. By combining the posts, the total number of senior officer posts were reduced to six, giving the players control over all of them.

A couple of players expressed a desire to carry over characters from USS Yamato to the new starship. The six month time skip justifies reworking these characters as desired as long as the character concept is kept intact. In rules terms, this means swapping out Focuses, Talents, and Values that really didn't work out the first time around for more promising ones. By doing so, the players are able to use their greater knowledge of the game system to improve their characters. One of the characters also had a couple of points shifted around in their Attributes and Focuses to better suit the new role the character will be filling on the new ship.

Next time: Modifying the list of Senior Officer Posts for other time periods.